The Journal of Organic Chemistry , 76 17 , Birney , and Peter Chen. Journal of the American Chemical Society , 31 , The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters , 2 7 , Inorganic Chemistry , 50 3 , Imido Complexes of Late Transition Metals.
Perez , Fabian S. Menges , Mauricio Cattaneo , James M. Mayer , Mark A. Characterization of the non-covalent docking motif in the isolated reactant complex of a double proton-coupled electron transfer reaction with cryogenic ion spectroscopy. The Journal of Chemical Physics , 23 , Cooperative bonding interactions of various oxygen species on the IB group metal anions.
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry , , Thiel , Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg. Chemistry - A European Journal , 22 7 , Menges , Stephanie M. Angewandte Chemie , 4 , Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 55 4 , Angewandte Chemie , 1 , Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 55 1 , Ewing , Thomas Kramer , James D.
Mattock , Alfredo Vargas , Christine Werner. Chemistry - A European Journal , 21 35 , Chemistry - A European Journal , 21 27 , Polyhedron , 90 , Mass Spectrometry of Organogold Compounds. Systematic dependence of transition-metal coordination energies on density-functional parametrizations.
International Journal of Quantum Chemistry , 2 , Ringger , Ilia J. Kobylianskii , Daniel Serra , Peter Chen. Chemistry - A European Journal , 20 44 , Gold is used as buillon and in jewellery, glass and electronics. Gold for jewellery can be given a range of hues depending on the metal with which is alloyed white, red, blue, green etc.
Colloidal gold is added to glass to colour it red or purple, and metallic gold is applied as a thin film on the windows of large building to reflect the heat of the Sun's ray. Gold electroplating is used to in the electronic industry to protect their copper components and improve their solderability. Gold is widely distributes on the earth at a background level of 0. Its interness and its high density causes it to concentrate in streambeds, either in small flakes or in larger nuggets, from which it may be recovered by panning.
It is found free in nature and associated with quartz, pyrite and other minerals. Most gold is mined and comes from gravels and quarts veins or is associated with pyrites deposits. Other main mining areas are Canada and Russia. Gold is found in sea water, but no effective economic process has been designed yet to extract it from this source. Download Gold as a printable and fully scalable image.
Gold has a Melting Point of Uses Very malleable. Sources Found in veins in the crust, with cooper ore and native. Orbital configuration. In such cases we would ask you to sign a Visual Elements licence agreement, tailored to the specific use you propose. The RSC makes no representations whatsoever about the suitability of the information contained in the documents and related graphics published on this Site for any purpose.
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Jump to main content. Periodic Table. Glossary Allotropes Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. Glossary Group A vertical column in the periodic table. Fact box. Group 11 Melting point Glossary Image explanation Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements.
Appearance The description of the element in its natural form. Biological role The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. Natural abundance Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially. Uses and properties. Image explanation. In this image a traditional alchemical symbol for the element is used. It is also used as a sun symbol, and much of the mythology around gold relates to the sun.
Early alchemists were obsessed by gold and pursued their desire to transmute base metals usually lead into gold. A soft metal with a characteristic yellow colour. It is chemically unreactive, although it will dissolve in aqua regia a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids.
Most mined gold is stored as bullion. It is also, however, used extensively in jewellery, either in its pure form or as an alloy. The metal is also used for coinage, and has been used as standard for monetary systems in some countries. Gold can be beaten into very thin sheets gold leaf to be used in art, for decoration and as architectural ornament.
Electroplating can be used to cover another metal with a very thin layer of gold. This is used in gears for watches, artificial limb joints, cheap jewellery and electrical connectors. It is ideal for protecting electrical copper components because it conducts electricity well and does not corrode which would break the contact. Thin gold wires are used inside computer chips to produce circuits.
Dentists sometimes use gold alloys in fillings, and a gold compound is used to treat some cases of arthritis. Gold nanoparticles are increasingly being used as industrial catalysts. Vinyl acetate, which is used to make PVA for glue, paint and resin , is made using a gold catalyst.
Biological role. Gold has no known biological role, and is non-toxic. Natural abundance. Gold is one of the few elements to occur in a natural state. It is found in veins and alluvial deposits.
About tonnes of gold are mined each year. About two-thirds of this comes from South Africa and most of the rest from Russia. Seawater contains about 4 grams of gold in 1,, tonnes of water. Overall this is a huge amount of gold stored in the oceans but, because the concentration is so low, attempts to reclaim this gold have always failed.
Help text not available for this section currently. Elements and Periodic Table History. Gold has been known since prehistoric times and was one of the first metals to be worked, mainly because it was to be found as nuggets or as particles in the beds of streams.
Such was the demand that by BC the Egyptians began mining gold. The death mask of Tutankhamen, who died in BC, contained kg of the metal.
The royal graves of ancient Ur modern Iraq , which flourished from to BC, also contained gold objects. The minting of gold coins began around BC in the Kingdom of Lydia situated in what is now modern Turkey using electrum, a native alloy of gold and silver.
The first pure gold coins were minted in the reign of King Croesus, who ruled from — BC. Atomic data. Glossary Common oxidation states The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom. Oxidation states and isotopes. Glossary Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey. Relative supply risk An integrated supply risk index from 1 very low risk to 10 very high risk. Recycling rate The percentage of a commodity which is recycled.
Substitutability The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. Reserve distribution The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. Political stability of top producer A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators. Political stability of top reserve holder A percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators.
Supply risk.
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