The constitution was amended in to include the provision of a multi-party system as well as the removal of presidential term limits. The Executive is comprised of the president, the vice president, the prime minister, and the cabinet.
The President of Uganda is both the head of government as well as head of state and is elected in democratic elections held after five years. The president heads the cabinet and has the authority to appoint and dismiss all cabinet ministers.
The prime minister is appointed by the president, and his mandate includes leading all government business in the legislature. The cabinet is comprised of 31 cabinet minister as well as 49 ministers of state who are all appointed by the president.
The Parliament is also mandated to vet persons appointed by the President to various public offices. The Parliament of Uganda is comprised of members drawn from the ruling party as well as the opposition.
Although control of the country passed to the British Colonial Office in , Uganda, in some respects, was never fully colonised, as non-Africans were not allowed to acquire freeholds. The gradual transfer of power to the local people began in Milton Obote served as prime minister between and In the country became a unitary republic, with Obote as president. The kingdoms were abolished and the president became head of the executive as well as head of state.
Obote remained in power until , when he was ousted by army general Idi Amin. In Amin was overthrown and he fled the country, dying in exile in Saudi Arabia in Obote was overthrown in a coup in by the national army. This did not satisfy the NRA, who went on to wrestle power from the army. During he publicly committed himself to the reintroduction of multiparty politics, and in he announced that he had retired from the military, while remaining army commander-in-chief.
This opened the way for him to participate in multi-party politics. Constitution: The new Constitution was ratified on July 12, , and promulgated on October 8, Uganda held its first presidential election under the Constitution on May 9, , followed by parliamentary elections on June 27, The Constitution provides for an executive president, to be elected every five years, but with significant requirements for parliamentary approval of presidential actions.
Branches: Executive--president, vice president, prime minister, cabinet. There are directly elected representatives and special indirectly elected seats for representatives of women 39, youth 5, workers 3, disabled 5, and the army Flag: Six horizontal stripes--black, yellow, red, black, yellow, red with the national emblem, the crested crane, in a centered white circle.
Agriculture: Cash crops--coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, sugarcane, cut flowers, vanilla. Food crops--bananas, corn, cassava, potatoes, millet, pulses largely self-sufficient in food. Livestock and fisheries--beef, goat meat, milk, nile perch, tilapia. Industry: Types--processing of agricultural products cotton ginning, coffee curing , cement production, light consumer goods, textiles.
Major market--EU. Africans of three main ethnic groups--Bantu, Nilotic, and Nilo-Hamitic constitute most of the population. Uganda's population is predominately rural, and its density is highest in the southern regions. Until , Asians constituted the largest nonindigenous ethnic group in Uganda. In that year, the Idi Amin regime expelled 50, Asians, who had been engaged in trade, industry, and various professions.
In the years since Amin's overthrow in , Asians have slowly returned. About 3, Arabs of various national origins and small numbers of Asians live in Uganda. Other nonindigenous people in Uganda include several hundred Western missionaries and a few diplomats and business people. When Arab traders moved inland from their enclaves along the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa and reached the interior of Uganda in the s, they found several African kingdoms with well-developed political institutions dating back several centuries.
These traders were followed in the s by British explorers searching for the source of the Nile River. Protestant missionaries entered the country in , followed by Catholic missionaries in In , control of the emerging British "sphere of interest" in East Africa was assigned by royal charter to the Imperial British East Africa Company, an arrangement strengthened in by an Anglo-German agreement confirming British dominance over Kenya and Uganda.
The high cost of occupying the territory caused the company to withdraw in , and its administrative functions were taken over by a British commissioner. In , the Kingdom of Buganda was placed under a formal British protectorate. Britain granted internal self-government to Uganda in , with the first elections held on March 1, Uganda maintained its Commonwealth membership. In succeeding years, supporters of a centralized state vied with those in favor of a loose federation and a strong role for tribally based local kingdoms.
Political maneuvering climaxed in February , when Prime Minister Milton Obote suspended the constitution, assumed all government powers, and removed the president and vice president. In September , a new constitution proclaimed Uganda a republic, gave the president even greater powers, and abolished the traditional kingdoms. On January 25, , Obote's government was ousted in a military coup led by armed forces commander Idi Amin Dada. Amin declared himself president, dissolved the parliament, and amended the constitution to give himself absolute power.
Idi Amin's 8-year rule produced economic decline, social disintegration, and massive human rights violations. The Acholi and Langi tribes were particular objects of Amin's political persecution because Obote and many of his supporters belonged to those tribes and constituted the largest group in the army. In , the International Commission of Jurists estimated that more than , Ugandans had been murdered during Amin's reign of terror; some authorities place the figure much higher.
In October , Tanzanian armed forces repulsed an incursion of Amin's troops into Tanzanian territory. The Tanzanian force, backed by Ugandan exiles, waged a war of liberation against Amin's troops and Libyan soldiers sent to help him.
On April 11, , Kampala was captured, and Amin fled with his remaining forces. This government adopted a ministerial system of administration and created a quasi-parliamentary organ known as the National Consultative Commission NCC.
The NCC and the Lule cabinet reflected widely differing political views. In a continuing dispute over the powers of the interim presidency, Binaisa was removed in May
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